All of the following are types of nonverbal communication EXCEPT:

Nonverbal communication encompasses a wide range of ways in which individuals convey messages without the use of spoken or written words. Paralanguage refers to the vocal elements that accompany speech, such as tone, pitch, and volume, which can greatly influence the interpretation of verbal messages. Proxemics deals with the use of physical space in communication, examining how personal space and distance affect interactions. Chronemics involves the use of time as a form of communication, reflecting how time perceptions influence relationships.

Written communication, on the other hand, falls outside the realm of nonverbal communication. It is a form of communication that relies on the written word to convey messages, involving syntax, grammar, and vocabulary, rather than relying on body language, gestures, spatial relationships, or time-related cues. Therefore, written communication does not fit within the scope of nonverbal communication types, making it the correct answer in this context.