What term refers to the permission granted to deviate from the law?

The term that refers to the permission granted to deviate from the law is "variance." A variance typically allows a property owner to pursue a use that does not conform to the zoning regulations or building codes that would normally apply to that particular property. Variances are granted under specific circumstances when compliance with the existing regulations would cause undue hardship to the property owner, and they allow for adjustments to the strict application of the law while still aiming to maintain the intent of the regulations.

In most jurisdictions, the process for obtaining a variance involves applying to a zoning board or a similar authority, providing reasons for the request, and often demonstrating that the variance will not adversely affect the surrounding properties or the overall community. This ability to seek flexibility from zoning laws recognizes that there can be unique situations that merit some latitude while ensuring the overall integrity of the regulatory framework is preserved.